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Types of Macular DegenerationMacular degeneration is an eye condition that affects the retina. The retina is located at the back of the eye and is sensitive to light stimulation. A part of the retina known as the macula is essential for clear frontal vision. Age-related macular degeneration is the most common cause of permanent vision loss in people over the age of 60. Macular degeneration does not result in total blindness, because in only affects “straight-ahead” vision. Those suffering from this condition will retain their peripheral vision. According to the Archives of Ophthalmology, more than 1.75 million people in the United States had macular degeneration in the year 2004. As people age and lifespan increases, this number is expected to grow to three million by the year 2020. In order to find the proper treatment and care, it is important to understand the different types of macular degeneration. There are two major types of macular degeneration, dry and wet. “Dry” (Atrophic) Macular DegenerationDry macular degeneration is the most common form of the condition, affecting approximately 90 percent of sufferers. In this type of macular degeneration, the macula may begin to thin, pigment may be deposited on the macula or both of these events may occur together. Vision loss may occur, but it is typically not as severe as the loss seen in the wet form of macular degeneration. There are currently no FDA-approved treatments for this type of macular degeneration. One study by the National Eye Institute suggests that nutrients and vitamins including beta-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E may prevent or slow the progression of the degeneration. “Wet” (Neovascular) Macular DegenerationThe wet type of this condition affects approximately 10 percent of those with macular degeneration. In wet macular degeneration, the blood vessels under the retina begin to leak blood and other fluid, which often results in severe eye damage and permanent blindness. Typical treatments for this type of macular degeneration involve the use of FDA-approved drugs and photodynamic therapy. |